Kelompok :Softskill
- Nurul Huda (25215234)
- Theo ManggalapiWibowo (26215867)
ARTIKEL
DAN ANALISIS PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI DAERAH DAN OTONOMI DAERAH
Indonesia Increasingly Prepared to Face Pressure
The improvement of Indonesia's resilience, among
other things, is reflected in the Fragile State Index (FSI). In the analysis of
the FSI trends 2005-2014, Indonesia is categorized as a country that has made
significant improvement.
Indonesia's index improved from 89.2 in 2005 to 76.8
in 2014, and reached 75 in 2015. The smaller the index, the more a country is
able to withstand pressure that could make it collapse.
In 2005, Indonesia was only a point below the category "red" or
"alert". Now, with its present scores, Indonesia falls into the
category "yellow-orange" or "warning". In order to be able
to enter into "stable" or "green" category, Indonesia needs
to have a score in the 59.9-30 range.Several other indexes also indicate there has been improvement in the country's development. Although the nation's human development index continues to improve, Indonesian is still ranked 111th out of 188 countries, while on the index of corruption perception, Indonesia is ranked 88th out of 168 countries.
Commenting on those trends, a number of Indonesian researchers and observers both at home and abroad who were contacted separately shared the same opinion that the economic, social and political condition in Indonesia has improved in the last 10 years.
However, Indonesia should not be complacent, because the future challenges will be even greater. Without undertaking serious political and economic reform, Indonesia will face difficulties in rising above the ranks of the middle-bracket nations. In fact, it is not impossible that Indonesia might "slip" into becoming a "failed" country.
"In the last 10 years, Indonesia has provided direct democracy to its people. At the same time, there has been an impressive decline in poverty," said Mascon C. Hoadley, Professor Emeritus of the History of Southeast Asia and Indonesia from Lund University when contacted in Sweden.
But, Manson warned that Indonesia remained vulnerable to international economic shocks.
Imanuddin Abdullah, a researcher at the Institute for Development of Economics and Finance, said although the economic indicators generally showed an improvement, the Gini ratio had continued to decline over the last decade, meaning that income inequality is widening.
"Indonesian economic growth is high, but it has a negative quality. Economic growth has not had a major impact on people's welfare, as the sectors that have grown have low job absorption, he said.
Institutional reform
Researcher at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, J
Kristiadi is optimistic that Indonesia will be able to avoid entering the
failed state category. Indonesia has successfully organized thousands of
regional elections since 2015, which have been carried out with relative
safety. In addition, there is a now a large civil society and media sector that oversees the government. However, he added, Indonesia needed to continue political and economic reform in order to be able to avoid becoming a failed state.
Mason said Indonesia needed a more functional central government, one that could coordinate the use public funds so get maximal public services from a limited amount of money. He also noted the importance of regional autonomy reform to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government programs.
Deterioration of tolerance
Besides giving cause for optimism, the 10-year trends of the FSI also
provide a serious warning as Indonesia's score on sectarian violence has
continued to get worse. The sectarian violence index includes, among other
things, discrimination, powerlessness, ethnic and communal violence and
violence in the name of religion.Antje Missbach, Indonesia researcher at the School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Australia, said she was concerned with the declining sectarian violence index, saying that it threatened the identity of Indonesia as a country of tolerance and social cohesion.
"Lately, we have witnessed an alarming change in terms of intolerance. Religious discrimination that has manifested itself as physical violence and the expulsion of people from their hometowns, "said Antje.
Analisies
:
In 2005, Indonesia was only a point below the
category "red" or "alert". Now, with its present scores,
Indonesia falls into the category "yellow-orange" or
"warning". In order to be able to enter into "stable" or
"green" category, Indonesia needs to have a score in the 59.9-30
range.
Several other indexes also indicate there has been
improvement in the country's development. Although the nation's human
development index continues to improve, Indonesian is still ranked 111th out of
188 countries, while on the index of corruption perception, Indonesia is ranked
88th out of 168 countries.
Commenting on those trends, a number of Indonesian
researchers and observers both at home and abroad who were contacted separately
shared the same opinion that the economic, social and political condition in
Indonesia has improved in the last 10 years.
Referensi
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